Typically, the camera is mounted high above the ground (higher than 12 m) having a bird’s eye view of the road in vision-based traffic monitoring systems. ![]() For instance, it is important to determine the vehicle size, vehicle location, and vehicle speed in real time for modern intelligent transportation systems. 1, 2 These systems are often required to have the ability to extract real-time parameters from the observed objects, such as number, location, size, and speed. Vision systems are widely used in security, surveillance, and traffic detection applications due to the ease of installation and maintenance. Results also show that the proposed method provides a general procedure for designing a multiresolution sensor for traffic applications. Tests showed that the TZOID generates 98% less data than that of a standard image sensor, trading off only 2% detection accuracy. It was tested, and its performance parameters were compared with an off-the-shelf CMOS image sensor IC. The TZOID imager integrated circuit (IC) was fabricated in a 0.18-μm CMOS process. Both indoor and outdoor experiments were performed using single- and multiresolution imagers. The P-RM method determines the pixels’ actual resolutions in the real world of the captured imaged by both standard rectangular single- and multiresolution TZOID pixel arrays. The TZOID imager trades detection accuracy for a tolerable data loss to reduce communication bandwidth and computation power. ![]() The size of each pixel in the TZOID imager was determined by pixel design equations based on the relationship between the pixel’s physical size and related spatial resolution. A trapezoid (TZOID) pixel array complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor, and a pixel-resolution mapping (P-RM) method to extract information from the observed objects without requiring any specific patterns or man-made markings, are proposed for traffic applications.
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